Concrete structures are known for their durability, but, over time, they can experience deterioration due to various factors such as weathering, chemical exposure, or structural stresses. In some cases, it may be that you need to tear something down to build it up again with concrete. It’s ideal to utilise CAD drawings for concrete during the design process to ensure you are maximising your chances of success. 

Detecting concrete damage early on is crucial to initiate timely repairs and prevent further deterioration. By understanding the common signs of concrete damage and how to identify them, property owners and construction professionals can take proactive measures to maintain the structural integrity of concrete. 

Here are some key indicators to watch out for:

Spalling

Spalling refers to the flaking or chipping of the concrete surface, often caused by freeze-thaw cycles, corrosion of reinforcing steel, or excessive moisture. Look for pieces of concrete breaking away from the surface, exposed aggregate, or patches of missing material. Spalling can compromise the structural integrity of the concrete and should be addressed promptly. 

Scaling

The peeling or flaking of the top layer of the concrete surface characterises scaling. It occurs due to factors such as inadequate curing, the use of improper finishing techniques, or exposure to de-icing salts. Check for thin layers of concrete peeling off the surface, leaving behind an uneven and deteriorated appearance. Scaling can lead to further moisture penetration and should be repaired to prevent further damage.

Cracks

Cracks are common in concrete and can be an indication of underlying issues. Different types of cracks include shrinkage cracks (caused by the natural drying and curing process), settlement cracks (due to soil movement), or structural cracks (resulting from excessive loads or design deficiencies). 

Inspect for cracks of varying widths and lengths, and monitor their progression over time. You can purchase specialised structural repair products such as Fosroc Renderoc, supplied by Complete Construction Products; this affordable, high-quality mortar is ideal for repairing vertical and overhead concrete damage. 

Stains And Discolouration

Stains and discolouration can occur on concrete surfaces due to various factors, such as chemical spills or water intrusion. Look for areas with noticeable discolouration, dark spots, or patches that stand out from the rest of the surface. Stains and discolouration affect the aesthetics and may indicate potential concrete damage or corrosion of reinforcing materials. 

Efflorescence

Efflorescence is the white powdery deposit that appears on the surface of concrete due to the migration of soluble salts. It typically occurs when water evaporates from the concrete, leaving behind salts that crystallise on the surface. Look for white or greyish deposits on the concrete, especially in areas with high moisture content or inadequate drainage. 

Efflorescence is unsightly and can indicate moisture-related issues within the concrete. 

Surface Erosion

Surface erosion is characterised by wearing-away of the concrete surface due to abrasion, weathering, or chemical attack. Check for areas with a rough or pitted texture, loss of concrete thickness, or exposed aggregate. 

Surface erosion can compromise concrete's structural integrity and protective properties, making it susceptible to further damage. This is why many people are looking into ways to modernise concrete, and the future of concrete is finally changing for the first time. Keep an eye out! 

Overview 

You should conduct regular visual inspections of the concrete surfaces to identify signs of concrete damage. Look for areas of concern, such as spalled or cracked concrete, discolouration, or unusual surface textures. 

If you observe any signs of damage, it’s important to address them immediately to prevent them from worsening and requiring costly repairs. Consult a professional engineer or concrete repair specialist for further evaluation and guidance.

Author: Tom Morrison

Cover image by Jonny James on Unsplash