The right humidity level is integral to ideal living conditions. Too much or too little moisture in the air can be subtle, but its effects are significant. The emergence of humidity control solutions has been fundamental to maintaining this balance and ensuring a healthy indoor environment. 

The Dangers of Imbalanced Humidity  

A good indoor humidity level is between 30% and 50%, though individual preferences and specific circumstances may extend the range. Nevertheless, the effects could be disastrous if the amount of water vapor in a room grossly exceeds these recommended limits.  

High Humidity 

Excessive amounts of moisture in the air are a precursor to mold and mildew infestations. These growths cause a noticeable foul odor or musty smell inside a home, along with dirty-looking black-greenish spots on the walls. The presence of these microorganisms can exacerbate certain health conditions like asthma and underlying lung disease, causing severe allergic reactions, breathing difficulties and headaches.  

High humidity can also lead to condensation or water spots, which causes furniture and wooden accessories to rot.  

Low Humidity 

Dry air poses significant risks to indoor air quality as the lack of moisture allows pollutants to circulate more freely throughout the space. Studies show lower humidity levels played a role in accelerating the spread of the COVID-19 virus as drier airway linings made it easier for viral particles to settle in the body.  

Humidity Control Technologies  

Three primary innovations cater to humidity control requirements.  

Humidifiers 

These devices add moisture to the air in indoor spaces, raising humidity levels. They’re ideal for environments with too dry air, such as during the colder months when heating systems tend to dehydrate the atmosphere.  

Types of humidifiers include: 

• Steam vaporizers: These devices heat water and release steam into the air. Proper handling is essential to prevent burns, especially among kids.  

• Evaporators: These humidifiers blow air through a wet wick or filter using a high-powered fan.  

• Ultrasonic humidifiers: These systems produce a cool mist using ultrasonic or sound wave vibrations. They’re among the best types of humidifiers for children because they carry no risk of burns. 

• Impeller humidifiers: These devices feature a rotating disk running at high speeds, giving off fine mist.  

Dehumidifiers 

As the name implies, dehumidifiers reduce the level of humidity in indoor environments. They work by pulling moisture from the air and draining it through a hose or collecting it in a designated storage tank.  

There are two primary types of dehumidifiers: 

• Refrigerant: These devices work similarly to refrigerators, condensing moisture from the air through a cool metal plate or evaporator coil. As the humid air comes in contact with the cold surface, it condenses into water droplets, dripping into the dehumidifier tank.  

• Desiccant: These dehumidifiers use a drying agent to absorb large amounts of moisture from the air. The desiccant material collects water vapor in the room and passes it through a stream of warm air to dry it out.  

Hygrometers 

Also known as humidity sensors, hygrometers measure the moisture level in indoor air. Newer devices feature smart technology that provides real-time monitoring and automated regulation. When integrated with intelligent climate control systems, they create a whole-home solution that allows for precise control over humidity levels in one or all rooms.  

Simple Tips for Humidity Control  

Residents can employ simple measures to enhance humidity control in their homes in several ways, including:  

• Ensuring adequate ventilation: Keeping windows open for 10-15 minutes daily can help improve air circulation and balance indoor humidity levels.  

• Improving insulation: Properly installed and undamaged insulation is essential for keeping out excessive moisture, especially during the warmer months.  

• Maintaining HVAC systems: Heating and cooling are central to ensuring optimal humidity levels as they control air circulation and temperatures.  

• Sealing cracks: Drafts from cracks in the wall or faulty windows can create an imbalance in indoor humidity. Some sealants have a 10%-15% porosity reduction, which minimizes moisture absorption. This can help improve waterproofing measures, especially in damp areas like basements and bathrooms. 

• Getting houseplants: Certain plants, like peace lilies and Boston ferns, absorb dampness in the air through a process called foliar acceptance. Having these plants at home can help minimize excess moisture. 

Maintain a Healthy Home With Balanced Humidity  

Achieving the right balance of indoor humidity is more than just ensuring optimal comfort. It’s a vital aspect of healthy living. Humidifiers, dehumidifiers and hygrometers are pivotal in maintaining this balance.  

As climate change becomes more pronounced, these innovations will become increasingly integral to fostering a healthy environment and preserving a home’s integrity. 

Author : Jane Marsh

Cover image by ducminh nguyen on Unsplash